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Donnchad mac Crinain (Modern Gaelic: ''Donnchadh mac Crìonain'';〔''Donnchad mac Crínáin'' is the Mediaeval Gaelic form.〕 anglicised as Duncan I, and nicknamed An t-Ilgarach, "the Diseased" or "the Sick";〔Skene, ''Chronicles'', p. 101.〕 ca. 1001 – 14 August 1040)〔 was king of Scotland (''Alba'') from 1034 to 1040. He is the historical basis of the "King Duncan" in Shakespeare's play ''Macbeth''. ==Life== He was son of Crínán, hereditary lay abbot of Dunkeld, and Bethóc, daughter of king Máel Coluim mac Cináeda (Malcolm II). Unlike the "King Duncan" of Shakespeare's ''Macbeth'', the historical Duncan appears to have been a young man. He followed his grandfather Malcolm as king after the latter's death on 25 November 1034, without apparent opposition. He may have been Malcolm's acknowledged successor or ''Tànaiste'' as the succession appears to have been uneventful.〔Duncan, ''Kingship of the Scots'', p. 33.〕 Earlier histories, following John of Fordun, supposed that Duncan had been king of Strathclyde in his grandfather's lifetime, between 1018 and 1034, ruling the former Kingdom of Strathclyde as an appanage. Modern historians discount this idea.〔Duncan, ''Kingship of the Scots'', p. 40.〕 An earlier source, a variant of the Chronicle of the Kings of Alba (CK-I), gives Duncan's wife the Gaelic name ''Suthen''.〔Duncan, ''Kingship of the Scots'', p. 37.〕 Whatever his wife's name may have been, Duncan had at least two sons. The eldest, Malcolm III (Máel Coluim mac Donnchada) was king from 1058 to 1093, the second Donald III (Domnall Bán, or "Donalbane") was king afterwards. Máel Muire, Earl of Atholl is a possible third son of Duncan, although this is uncertain.〔Oram, ''David I'', p. 233, n. 26: the identification is from the Orkneyinga saga but Máel Muire's grandson Máel Coluim, Earl of Atholl is known to have married Donald III's granddaughter Hextilda.〕 The early period of Duncan's reign was apparently uneventful, perhaps a consequence of his youth. Macbeth (Mac Bethad mac Findláich) is recorded as having been his ''dux'', today rendered as "duke" and meaning nothing more than the rank between prince and marquess, but then still having the Roman meaning of "war leader". In context — "dukes of Francia" had half a century before replaced the Carolingian kings of the Franks and in England the over-mighty Godwin of Wessex was called a ''dux'' — this suggests that Macbeth may have been the power behind the throne.〔Duncan, ''Kingship of the Scots'', pp. 33–34.〕 In 1039, Duncan led a large Scots army south to besiege Durham, but the expedition ended in disaster. Duncan survived, but the following year he led an army north into Moray, Macbeth's domain, apparently on a punitive expedition against Moray.〔G. W. S. Barrow, ''Kingship and Unity: Scotland 1000–1306'', Edinburgh University Press, 1981, p.26.〕 There he was killed in action, at Bothnagowan, now Pitgaveny, near Elgin, by the men of Moray led by Macbeth, probably on 14 August 1040.〔Broun, "Duncan I (d. 1040)"; the date is from Marianus Scotus and the killing is recorded by the Annals of Tigernach.〕 He is thought to have been buried at Elgin〔"I Never Knew That About Scotland", Christopher Winn, p. 165.〕 before later relocation to the Isle of Iona. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Duncan I of Scotland」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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